Changes to Federal Financial Aid Rules

Federal financial aid rules are changing for the 2026-2027 academic year. We’re tracking these changes and explaining how they may impact your situation. 

Michigan Law Financial Aid Overview

The Law School’s financial aid resources are substantial, drawing on a variety of Law School scholarship and loan funds as well as funds from external sources, and we distribute more than $8 million in grants annually to each entering class. (Scholarships are not conditional at Michigan. Renewal of scholarships requires only good academic standing and full-time enrollment at the University of Michigan Law School.)

Our graduates have an average debt that is among the lowest of top schools, and is more than $10,000 lower than the average debt for top schools. This is, in part, due to the lower cost of living here; in comparing awards from different schools, it is important to consider the total combination of tuition and cost of living in a given location, less any grant award, because while tuition is relatively consistent among schools, the cost of living can vary greatly, as can the amount of grants available. The average debt among student loan borrowers in the Class of 2023 was $145,550.

Our resources are allocated on the basis of financial need and on the basis of academic achievement. More than half of our students receive outright grants and scholarships, with a median award amount of $35,000; the smallest award is $10,000, and the largest covers full tuition. 

Most students, however, will need to take on debt in order to finance their legal education. The Direct Unsubsidized loan is a fixed interest rate loan offered by the government. A fixed interest rate loan eliminates the risk of unforeseen payment amounts. Further, additional loan options may be available for law students, such as private loans. 

Non-US citizens and others who anticipate problems with eligibility for federal and private loans should contact the Law School’s Financial Aid Office as soon as possible after being admitted to discuss their situation. In considering the cost of law school and the attendant debt, it is also important to weigh your options for paying off your debt at the various law schools you are considering; attending the lowest-cost school may not make sense if it limits your career options and earning potential over the course of your life. 

There are few safer investments to make than attending Michigan Law, and the return on it will benefit you throughout a long career, both in terms of options and economics. The large global law firms paying the highest starting salaries recruit from only a few law schools, a group in which Michigan figures prominently. Thus, although the cost of law school has risen considerably in the last decade, our graduates’ average starting salary has risen even faster. 

Of course, not everyone will pursue a career in a large law firm, and for those who wish to go into public service, Michigan offers one of the most progressive loan repayment assistance programs in the country.

While the expense of law school can understandably be worrisome for applicants, the financial aid and admissions professionals at Michigan Law are committed to working closely with our students to counsel and guide them about finding funding, minimizing debt, and weighing the various options available.

Grants and Scholarships

Scholarships are not conditional at Michigan Law. To retain a scholarship from year to year, you must only enroll at the Law School with a full-time course load and remain in good standing.

  • Law School Scholarships

    All first-year admitted students are automatically considered for a Dean’s Scholarship. Typically, files are reviewed within two weeks of admission beginning in mid to late January, and Dean’s Scholarships range from $10,000 up to full tuition.

    Incoming first-year students may also be considered for one of the following awards in lieu of, but not in addition to, a Dean’s Scholarship:

    • Teach for America Award

      Michigan Law is pleased to offer competitive scholarships to certain outstanding applicants who have completed the Teach for America program. The scholarship award will be $15,000 per year for all three years of law school.

      To remain eligible for the Teach for America Award from year to year, students need merely enroll at the Law School with a full-time course load and remain in good academic standing. Consideration will occur simultaneously with merit scholarship review.
       
    • City Year National Service Scholarship

      Michigan Law is pleased to offer a merit scholarship to admitted students who have completed the City Year program and have not already been awarded a merit scholarship.

      City Year National Service Scholars will be awarded $15,000 per year for all three years of law school. To remain eligible for the City Year National Service Scholarship from year to year, students need merely enroll at the Law School with a full-time course load and remain in good academic standing.
  • Competing Aid Scholarships

    In cases where no merit scholarship has been offered to an incoming first-year student, the Financial Aid Office is occasionally able to take financial award offers from peer schools into account. Copies of award letters from other law schools for the same admission year should be emailed to the Financial Aid Office.

  • Need-based Law School Grants

    Law School grants are offered by the Financial Aid Office to first-year students who show exceptional financial need.

    In assessing need, we take into account a variety of historical factors, such as Pell eligibility as an undergraduate, as well as current financial factors, such as income and assets. We do not require applicants to submit any parental financial records.

    To be considered for need-based aid, first-year admitted students must first complete the 2026-27 FAFSA, as well as a very short online questionnaire to determine whether additional forms need to be completed. Need-based aid eligibility is assessed beginning in January.

  • External Scholarships

    You can find a list of external scholarship opportunities on our website under Supplemental Sources of Aid. In addition, many students have successfully secured scholarships through the AccessLex Law School Scholarship Databank.

Loans

  • Direct Unsubsidized Loans

    Direct Unsubsidized loans are offered by the federal government through the Department of Education. The interest rate for new Direct Unsubsidized loans is determined annually, based on the 10-year Treasury bill plus 3.6 percent.

    The interest rate for loans with disbursement dates between July 1, 2026 and June 30, 2027 is 8.07 percent fixed for the life of the loan. Direct Unsubsidized loans are capped at $50,000 per year for incoming students regardless of financial need.

    Current students: Please refer to the federal update section (AY2026 Financial Aid Changes) further on this page.

  • Private Loans

    Private loans are available to law students from a variety of lenders. The loans are often offered at variable and fixed interest rates (with no cap on the interest rate) that are determined by your credit history and that of your co-signer. Most private lenders strongly encourage a co-signer. 

    Students may request to borrow up to the cost of attendance minus all other aid received for the academic year.

Other Programs

  • The Federal Work-Study Program

    The Federal Work-Study Program enables students to earn money through employment within the University. Law students often work in the Law Library or serve as research assistants to law professors. The federal government subsidizes 70 percent of all work-study wages. In addition, wages earned on campus while enrolled part-time or more are exempt from Social Security and Medicare (FICA) taxes.

  • Michigan Law’s Income-based Debt Management program (LRAP) 

    The Income-Based Debt Management Program (LRAP) at the Law School provides flexibility to choose modest-paying public service jobs from any law-related area (excluding judicial clerkships and U-M funded fellowships) while still maintaining a reasonable lifestyle and remaining current on outstanding loan obligations.

    Graduates whose combination of income and debt make them eligible receive assistance in meeting their loan obligations. 

    Debt Management Program

     

  • Appeals

    Special circumstances may arise that impact a student’s ability to pay for educational expenses. You may request a re-evaluation of your aid or an appeal of a financial aid policy or decision. Our ability to provide additional assistance will depend on your circumstances and the limitations of institutional and federal policies. Circumstances that can be considered include excessive out of pocket medical or emergency expenses, loss or reduction in employment income, or educational expenses not included in the standard Cost of Attendance. Appeals can be submitted to the Financial Aid Office, after which additional documentation may be requested. Appeal decisions will be issued via a student’s official University of Michigan email account

AY2026 Financial Aid Changes

The Michigan Law School Financial Aid Office is tracking announcements and ongoing projects related to federal updates impacting financial aid and updating this page as frequently as possible.

Most of the changes to federal aid will be a result of HR 1 – Public Law No. 119–21, also known as OBBBA or the “One Big Beautiful Bill Act,” which was signed into law in July 2025. With this legislation, several changes to federal aid have been introduced, including the phaseout of the Grad PLUS Loan Program, new annual and lifetime loan limits, enrollment-based adjustments to loan programs, and a reduction in repayment plan options.

Official regulations that will define how these changes will be implemented are still being finalized, but we have received some official guidance. Given the volume of changes made, and the condensed timeline to produce rules, it may be Spring of 2027 before we receive detailed guidance on all elements included in the bill. Here is what we currently know about how 2026-27 financial aid and beyond will be affected, as well as outstanding questions, and ongoing projects.

  • This information is subject to change, but we are working to keep it up to date as new information is released.
  • The information here impacts Law students specifically. Students enrolled in other programs should also refer to the central campus Office of Financial Aid.
  • This information is intended to keep students aware of the upcoming changes to federal aid, and is not definitive guidance. The situation is evolving, and the Law School Financial Aid Office is providing our understanding of information as it is made available.

Updated July 16, 2026

  • Student Loan Changes Beginning Fall 2026

    If you enrolled prior to July 1, 2026, will remain enrolled in the same program without any leaves, and received a federal loan (unsubsidized or GradPLUS) in that program by the end of the Winter 2026 term, you can continue to access GradPLUS funds for up to three more years, until you graduate, or up to the published length of your program—whichever comes first.

    • Federal Student Aid has confirmed that students do not need to borrow the GradPLUS loan specifically to retain access to that loan program—borrowing an unsubsidized loan is enough to retain access to the legacy programs, including GradPLUS.

    If you start a new graduate program after July 1, 2026, or did not borrow federal loans for the program you will be enrolled in prior to July 1, 2026, you will not be able to borrow a Grad PLUS Loan, but you will still be able to apply for federal unsubsidized loans (see note about increased unsubsidized annual limits and new lifetime loan limit) via the FAFSA as well as private loans.

    • In some cases, an LOA will not terminate your access to GradPLUS loans, but you will need to meet with the Financial Aid Office to determine how an LOA will impact your loan eligibility.
    • If you begin a new dual/joint program in Fall of 2026 or beyond, the Department of Education will consider you to have changed programs, and you will lose legacy access to Grad PLUS loans.

    Beginning with the 26–27 year, federal loans will be reduced according to a student’s enrollment intensity, meaning that part-time students will not be eligible for the full annual limit. We are waiting for guidance from the Department of Education on how this will be calculated and implemented. This will apply to all part-time students, whether they are new borrowers or not.

  • New Graduate Loan Limits

    Starting July 1, 2026, new borrowers, borrowers whose enrollment has exceeded the published length of their program, or those starting a new program, will have new borrowing limits. These limits will apply to students starting new dual degree programs or students returning from extended LOAs.

    Law School JD students are considered “professional students,” and students borrowing in their program for the first time after June 30, 2026 may borrow up to $50,000 per year, with an aggregate limit of $200,000 in federal unsubsidized loans. (This limit is specific to graduate/professional borrowing, and undergraduate borrowing is assessed separately).

    Students enrolled in graduate programs that are not designated as “professional,” including our LLM program, may borrow up to $20,500 per year, with an aggregate limit of $100,000. 

    There is also a new federal lifetime borrowing limit of $257,500 for new borrowers, which includes all undergraduate and graduate borrowing, including Grad PLUS loans.

    While the Department of Education released initial definitions of  “professional” and “graduate” programs, a recent court order has resulted in these program categories being unclear. While we know the JD program will be considered professional, it is important to note that dual degree students will likely be limited to the lower graduate borrowing limits (up to $20,500 per year in the Direct Unsubsidized loan) when the majority of their enrollment is in a program categorized as graduate, versus professional. We anticipate that to be the case for our most common dual programs, including Business, Social Work, Public Policy, Public Health, Philosophy, Information, and SEAS.

  • Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF)

    PSLF remains intact at this time. Borrowers working in qualifying public service jobs are still being approved, and will still be able to pursue loan forgiveness under the same terms.

    Executive Order 14235 seeks to redefine qualifying employers, and a process through which the Secretary of Education could remove eligibility from certain employers. While rules were created by the Department of Education with an anticipated July 1, 2026 implementation, they were struck down by a federal judge. The department may still appeal this decision, and we will continue to monitor the situation closely.

    While no changes have been made to PSLF at this time, students understandably continue to express concerns about the program’s viability— Here are some things to keep in mind:

    • The rules that came out from the EO have already been struck down by a federal judge.
    • Although there may be disagreements on how the program is implemented, it does have bipartisan support in Congress.
    • In the unlikely event that PSLF went away, or the EO went into effect, immediate billing obligations would be doubtful because:
      • Michigan Law will still have LRAP.
      • There will still be income-based repayment plans, which have their own forgiveness terms that do not rely on PSLF or public service work.
      • Federal programs are commonly sunset with a legacy clause versus immediate termination.
  • Changes to Repayment Options

    Existing income-driven repayment plans ICR, PAYE, SAVE will be replaced by a new Repayment Assistance Program (RAP). 

    Key points

    • Borrowers who take new loans or consolidate after June 30, 2026, can choose the new Repayment Assistance Plan or the new Standard Repayment Plan.
    • Borrowers with no new loans made after June 30, 2026, will be eligible to remain on the current standard plan, IBR, and Graduated or Extended repayments plans, and they could opt into the new RAP plan.
    • Borrowers currently enrolled in the income driven repayment plans that are being phased out—ICR, PAYE, and SAVE—will need to transition to a new repayment plan. Those still enrolled in SAVE will be contacted by their loan servicer with a specific deadline to transition to a new repayment plan. If they do not act by the given deadline they will be moved to a standard repayment plan.
  • Initiatives to Support Students

    Several efforts are being made at the school, University, and national level, including, but not limited to:

    • GradPLUS usage since its inception at the Law School is being researched to evaluate the impact to the change in available federal loans.
    • Private Loan borrowing, and reports of denials, are being monitored closely.
    • Initial changes have been made to Michigan LRAP for students who enter Michigan Law in the Fall of 2026 and beyond. We hope to expand the program in the future, but will be watching borrowing trends and available resources closely. We will continue to provide the most recent updates available.
    • A private lender list with educational tools has been implemented.

2026-2027 Financial Aid Changes Frequently Asked Questions