Income-based Debt Management Program Information and Instructions

Application Deadline: December 3, 2025

The University of Michigan Law School is committed to encouraging its alumni to pursue a diverse range of employment opportunities. For those graduates whose career goals are not accompanied by high pay, we are proud to offer our Income-Based Debt Management Program. This program offers loan repayment assistance to individuals committed to the ideals exemplified by such jobs and allows them to maintain a moderate lifestyle while fulfilling their student loan obligations.

Our program, developed by a faculty-led committee, takes advantage of the federal government’s Income-Driven Repayment (IDR) Plans while, in some cases, limiting the negative consequence of accruing unpaid interest. The income-driven repayment plans that qualify for our program are Income-Based Repayment (IBR), Pay as You Earn (PAYE), Saving on a Valuable Education (SAVE), and the upcoming Repayment Assistance Plan (RAP). The only income-driven repayment plan that does not qualify is Income-Contingent Repayment (ICR). If, after reviewing the program instructions, you still have questions, please visit our FAQ or contact us at [email protected]. 

We hope this program will allow our JD alumni to pursue work that is professionally and personally rewarding. The program is subject to change based upon funding levels and priority considerations. 

Overview of Program

Eligibility

• JD graduating class of 1986 or later (all graduates 2011 or later must apply within five years of graduation. For example, if you graduated in May 2022, your first opportunity to apply was Fall 2022 for Debt Management support in 2023. Your fifth and final opportunity to apply will be Fall 2026 for 2027 support.)
• Employed full-time in paying law-related work (please see below for more information).
• Federal loans must be placed on one of the government’s qualifying income-driven repayment plans (IBR, PAYE, SAVE, or RAP).
• Gross income must be less than 175% of the base GS-11 rate. (For 2025, the income cap is approximately $110,535).
• Can receive funding from the program for up to 10 (non-consecutive) years.
• Must not be delinquent or in default on educational loans.
• Must not owe any money to the University of Michigan.
• Judicial clerks for a set term are not eligible to participate during the year(s) of clerkship although the years of clerkship (one or two) will extend the 5-year window of application after graduation accordingly. Please note, individuals employed in permanent (or career) clerkships are eligible to participate.
• Temporary positions of fewer than 12 months are not eligible for funding.
• Michigan Bates and Michigan Law Practitioner Fellowships funded by Michigan Law are excluded, although other full-time, law-related paid fellowships are eligible.
• Unpaid internships and volunteer positions are not eligible for funding. Applicants must be employed full-time in a paid position earning at least minimum wage to be considered for support.

“Law-related” of course includes those jobs that require an individual to be licensed to practice law, such as working in a law firm or legal services office, representing and advising clients; working at a state or federal agency, representing the legal interests of the government; or working in the general counsel’s office of a corporation. “Law-related” also includes any job for which a JD was required in order to obtain the position, even if the job does not involve the practice of law or require bar passage or an active law license. Examples include contract review, corporate compliance, and management consulting, as well as legal policy work, whether for the government, an advocacy organization, or a research and educational institution. 

Eligibility for our Debt Management Program requires more, however, than an employer’s affirmation that the JD is helpful in performing the duties of the job. So, for example, a law degree can certainly contribute to an individual’s abilities as a public speaker, but that fact is not sufficient to demonstrate that a job is “law-related.” Applicants must demonstrate that the job requires skills or knowledge which could only have been attained as part of a legal education. 

Special note for those pursuing Presidential Management Fellowship (PMF) positions: On rare occasions, the job you receive may not be law-related and, therefore, makes you ineligible for the Law School’s loan repayment assistance programs. The Office of Career Planning will work with you as much as possible to avoid this, but if you have any concerns, please be in consultation with the Financial Aid Office to discuss your eligibility. 

Eligible Loans

Only certain educational loans will be covered: 

• Direct/Stafford subsidized, unsubsidized, and GradPLUS loans borrowed to attend Michigan Law are eligible. These loans must be placed on one of the Department of Education’s qualifying income-driven repayment plans (IBR, PAYE, SAVE, or RAP).
• The only eligible private loans are bar loans (up to $8,000) and computer loans borrowed during law school.
• Our program also covers private loans for recipients who were ineligible for federal loans based on citizenship status while attending law school. In this situation, our program will limit assistance to what the recipient would have been eligible for had the loans been federal and placed on an income-driven repayment plan. Private loans are not eligible for income-driven repayment, so the out-of-pocket costs could be higher.
• Loans to cover attendance at an institution other than Michigan Law will not be included in the program.
• For dual degree students, we will consider up to six semesters of debt for those terms in which you were enrolled at the Law School.

Consolidation

There are a number of vendors offering private loan consolidation services, including companies that purport to assist you with government options. Please contact us before signing up for any of these services. While some may be legitimate, any consolidation could affect your eligibility for our program or federal government repayment or forgiveness options. 

Only certain federal Direct Loans qualify for the government’s 10-year Public Service Loan Forgiveness Program (PSLF). Details are available on the Federal Student Aid website. It’s possible that you have non-Direct federal loans (Perkins, FFEL Stafford loans, etc.), most likely from another school, that do not qualify for PSLF. Please contact your federal loan servicer(s) for your loan types or you may review this information on StudentAid.gov. If you have any federal loans that are non-Direct, you can make them eligible for PSLF by consolidating them on StudentAid.gov.  Contact us prior to completing a Direct Loan Consolidation to discuss which loans should be included (you do not have to include all of them). Counseling is very important because consolidation may affect the time you have accrued toward forgiveness and your eligibility for the legacy repayment plans, including IBR. There are also interest rate implications with a Direct Loan Consolidation that should be taken into consideration. 

Income

Gross income includes all forms of income earned or received during the year, including, but not limited to, wages or salary from the eligible job, as well as bonuses, overtime payments, income from any other employment, dividend income, interest income, alimony, rental income, and housing and living expense allowances. Our application requires actual gross income, not Adjusted Gross Income as reported on the income tax return. Please bear in mind that Michigan Law uses the applicant’s actual current gross income, while the government, in calculating income-driven repayment eligibility, will in most cases review the previous year’s tax return, which can  result in two different calculations. In some instances, our benefit will be based on our own calculation, even if it differs from the government’s. For example, this may occur if your AGI from your previous year’s tax return is higher than your current gross income, or if you are married and file a joint tax return with your spouse. Both situations could result in an income-driven repayment calculation that is higher than the amount we are able to consider.

Changes in Graduate’s Financial Condition

• Eligibility for income-driven repayment, and, consequently, our program, is based upon income, family size, and required monthly loan payments on covered loans (please see Eligible Loans above). If any of these figures change, eligibility for the program can be affected and could result in the graduate being required to return funds to the program. We can cover an increase in your monthly payment, so long as it’s based on the income you report on your application or any anticipated salary increase you report on your application. Due to budgetary constraints, however, changes resulting from unreported or unanticipated income changes cannot be accommodated. For example, if your income is $70,000 per year when you apply for LRAP in the fall, then it unexpectedly increases to $75,000 per year the following spring, we would only be able to consider the maximum income-driven repayment amount  for an income of $70,000 per year.
• Any changes in income, employer or employment status, loan payments or status, family size, or support from any other loan forgiveness program must be communicated to the Financial Aid Office immediately.

Selection Criteria

Applicants who meet all required criteria explained above and whose incomes are below 175% of the base GS-11 rate (around $110,535) will be deemed eligible for the program, assuming they have applied by the deadline. If, however, the number of eligible applicants exceeds available resources, the Law School reserves the right to adjust eligible benefits based upon applicants’ comparative need and other appropriate factors, such as deadline dates. 

Eligibility Structure

There is a 3-tier structure based on gross income and eligible loans. 

Tier 1: Income less than or equal to GS-11 base rate (around $63,163 or below)

• Michigan Law provides to the graduate the entire qualifying income-driven repayment amount; graduate makes no payment toward covered loans.
• Michigan Law pays an amount equal to any unpaid interest on covered loans into a reserve fund, which can be used to pay down accrued interest if the graduate leaves the program before earning federal loan forgiveness and is not employed in a PSLF-eligible job (see also Reserve Fund below for detailed information). 

Tier 2: Income greater than GS-11 base rate but less than or equal to 150% of GS-11 (~$63,164 to ~ $94,745) 

• Michigan Law provides to the graduate the entire interest portion of the qualifying income-driven repayment amount.
• If income-driven repayment amount requires any payment above interest (to pay principal), Michigan Law covers that amount on a decreasing basis from GS-11 to 125% of GS-11 (~$78,954). The graduate pays the remainder of the income-driven repayment amount that is applied to the principal.
• Michigan Law pays an amount equal to any unpaid interest into a reserve fund if the graduate’s income is less than 125% of GS-11 (~$78,954). If the graduate’s income is between 125% and 150% of GS-11, Michigan Law will reserve a percentage of the unpaid interest on a decreasing sliding scale basis reaching 0 when income exceeds 150% of GS-11 (see also Reserve Fund below for detailed information). 

Tier 3: Income greater than 150% of GS-11 base rate but less than 175% of GS-11 (~$94,746 to ~$110,535) 

• Michigan Law provides to the graduate part of the interest portion of the qualifying income-driven repayment amount, decreasing from 100% at 150% of GS-11 to 0% at 175% of GS-11. The graduate pays the rest.
• Graduate is responsible for any required payment toward principal.
• No reserve for unpaid interest.

Scenarios where calculated support may differ

• Our support will be based on either the applicant’s qualifying income-driven repayment plan amount or the Standard 10-year Repayment Plan amount for their eligible loans, whichever is lower.
• Our benefit is determined by the graduate’s gross income ( excluding any spousal income) and the qualifying income-driven repayment amount, as calculated by Michigan Law, bearing in mind that our benefit will never exceed the actual income-driven repayment amount  or what the graduate would pay on a Standard 10-year Repayment Plan for their eligible loans.
  • If the graduate chooses to file a joint tax return with a spouse, and the resulting income-driven repayment amount is higher than it would have been if filing separately, the graduate will be responsible for the payment difference.
• If the income-driven repayment amount is higher than what we calculate based on the graduate’s current gross income, we will use our calculation to determine support. This can happen if the graduate’s income decreases (e.g., change in job) and the tax return provided to the loan servicer reflects the higher income, in which case the graduate may be able to request a recalculation using current pay stubs.

Reserve Fund

If the graduate’s income is less than 150% of base rate GS-11, Michigan Law will place some or all of the unpaid interest into a reserve account (see Tier 1 and Tier 2 above). As long as the graduate participates in Michigan Law’s program for at least two consecutive years, the graduate can request that the funds in the reserve account be forwarded to the Department of Education for payment of the unpaid accrued interest if the graduate leaves the program and is not currently employed in a PSLF-eligible position or is not otherwise pursuing 10-year PSLF. The graduate may only request money from the reserve fund once, and it must be claimed within five years of leaving Michigan Law’s program. 

Leaving the Program

If the graduate becomes ineligible for our program because of failure to reapply by the deadline date, a job change that results in ineligibility, or job loss, the graduate may reapply in future years once eligibility has been reestablished.

Recipients of funds risk suspension from the program if they fail to make timely required loan payments, or if they make special arrangements with any lender to put their loan payments into deferment or forbearance during the year that the recipient is receiving funds, without the consent of the Financial Aid Office. 

Application

Applications and all supporting documentation must be submitted by 11:59PM Eastern Time December 3, 2025. You must submit the online application, and the application must be supported by: 

• Your 2024 federal tax return or an affidavit of non-filing
• Employment certification form(s) from all your employers (If self-employed, please contact us for alternative forms.)
• Current monthly billing statements from your loan servicer showing the qualifying income-driven repayment plan (IBR, PAYE, SAVE, or RAP) you are enrolled in and your required monthly payment , and any private bar or computer loans (if you are requesting coverage for those loans).
  • If you do not have a current monthly billing statement that shows you are enrolled in an income-driven repayment plan (because you recently applied), you are still required to submit documentation that shows the current status of your loans (online statement, loan summary page, etc.) by the deadline. You must also send us an updated monthly billing statement as soon as you are enrolled in an income-driven repayment plan.

If you did not, and were not required to file a 2024 tax return, please attach a separate sheet with the following statement: “I hereby declare that by federal law I am not required to file, and did not file a federal income tax return for the 2024 tax year and therefore cannot supply a copy to the Law School Financial Aid Office as required.” Please sign and date the statement.

All supporting documentation (employer certification forms, copies of monthly billing statements, and tax return or affidavit of non-filing) as well as a complete online application must reach the Financial Aid Office or be postmarked by December 3, 2025. Applications received after the deadline will not be considered. 

Disbursement

In March and July, Michigan Law will disburse to eligible recipients lump sum payments for which the applicant qualifies. Before the July disbursement, applicants must submit a certification form confirming that all covered loans are not delinquent or in default, and that the loans have not been deferred, put into forbearance, or had arrangements made for lower loan payments since the initial application was completed. In addition, we require affirmation that no changes in the participant’s financial or employment circumstances have occurred since submission of the application. Applicants should be prepared to make their January, February, and July loan payments prior to receiving their disbursements from Michigan Law. Eligibility for those months will be included in the disbursements. 

Participation in the program constitutes assumption of the legal obligation to repay all unforgiven loans provided through this program. All participants will be required to sign a promissory note to this effect prior to disbursement. Please see forgiveness below for more information. 

Tax Implication

All recipients receive loan repayment assistance in the form of a loan that is forgiven at the end of the year in which the loan is made. Debt Management support may be considered by the IRS as taxable income; we recommend consulting with a tax advisor to determine your tax liability, if any. In some cases, the forgiven loan may constitute part of an individual’s taxable income, thereby possibly increasing taxes owed at the end of the year. The University of Michigan will not issue any tax-related forms or withhold any part of the disbursements for taxes, so please plan accordingly. 

Forgiveness

There are two levels of forgiveness in the program: annual forgiveness from Michigan Law and Public Service Loan Forgiveness from the Department of Education on any remaining Direct federal loans after 10 years. Each year in the program, the participant will receive a zero percent interest loan from Michigan Law for the annual disbursement amount to assist in making required loan payments to your federal loan servicer (and private lenders for computer and bar loans, if applicable). This loan will be forgiven at the end of the year unless any eligibility was reduced during the year and the participant failed to return the excess funds received. Eligibility can be reduced at any time due to changes in finances or employment. If the graduate does not return excess money received, such amount will not be forgiven at the end of the year.

Although there is no legal obligation to repay the amounts forgiven under this program, we hope and expect that recipients recognize that continuation of this and other financial aid programs of Michigan Law are dependent upon the generosity of our alumni.

Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) from the Department of Education occurs after 10 years, or 120 separate, on-time payments (they do not need to be consecutive) as long as the participant is employed full-time in an eligible public service position as defined by the Department of Education. Requirements for qualifying employment are available on the Federal Student Aid website. To request forgiveness, the participant must make 120 separate, on-time payments and provide the Department of Education with proof of employment at an eligible job while making those payments. Those not meeting the public service definition as listed on the Federal Student Aid website may still be eligible for forgiveness after  20 to 30 years of qualifying payments under an income-driven repayment plan, rather than after 10 years through PSLF. We encourage graduates employed in an eligible public service position to submit an employer certification form to the Department of Education for review of eligibility of the graduate’s job.

Repayment of Loans Received Under the Program

If the annual debt management loan from Michigan Law is not forgiven as stated above, repayment of unforgiven loans will begin six months following the end of the prior Debt Management eligibility year or six months after leaving the program according to the terms of the promissory note. We will assume an applicant has left the program if the application or any supporting documents are not received by the previously stated deadline dates.

Please contact the Financial Aid Office if you have any questions about the Debt Management Program or the application process. We hope this program will continue to serve the needs of our alumni.