This seminar will explore themes in international criminal law and its application by international criminal tribunals. Students will get an introduction to the substantive law that tribunals apply, including related to war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide, and aggression, as well as theories by which individuals can be held responsible for crimes committed by groups or systems. Particular attention will also be paid to the prosecution of gender crimes, and the emerging jurisprudence on the destruction of cultural heritage, as well as to current investigations on crimes in Afghanistan and Ukraine. We will also explore the many challenges to the effectiveness and legitimacy of international tribunals, and alternatives such as truth commissions. Students will develop (in consultation with Professor Bennoune) their own research paper ideas, and will present their papers in the final weeks of the semester.